In 1800, the first Jewish families were admitted to the imperial knightly village of Mühlen by Baron von Münch, in exchange for money. The Jewish population reached its highest level in 1852 with 165 members, 22.7% of the total population.

From 1811 on, they had a synagogue and from 1833, a Jewish school. The teacher’s apartment and the ritual bath were in the school. The families were poor, the men working as hawkers, butchers, soap-boilers or small cattle-dealers.

Towards the end of the 19th century the community shrank in numbers. Many families moved to Horb where they had better opportunities. In 1921, the Jewish community was dissolved. The synagogue was sold and converted into a residence which is still there today in 5 Rottenburger Strasse.